[Area] 1,964,400 square kilometers.

[Population] 129 million (2023). Mestizos and Indians make up more than 90% of the Population.

[Capital] Mexico City (Ciudad de México). Area of 1525 square kilometers, Population of about 22.8 million (including satellite cities), altitude of 2240 meters.

[Brief description] It is located in the south of North America. It is bordered by the United States in the north, Guatemala and Belize in the south, the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea in the east, and the Pacific Ocean in the southwest. The coastline is 11,122 kilometers long. East, west, and south for the Sierra Madre, surrounded by the center of the Mexican plateau, the southeast for the flat Yucatan Peninsula, and the coast of the long and narrow plains. Mexico's climate is complex and varied. The plateau area is mild all year round, with an average temperature of 10 to 26 ℃; the inland northwest for the continental climate, and the coastal and southeastern plains of the tropical climate. Most of the Area is divided into two seasons: dry (October to April) and rainy (May to September), with the rainy season concentrating 75% of the year's precipitation.

Ancient civilizations of the Americas. The Maya, Olmec, Toltec, and Aztec cultures were all created by the Indians of Mexico. 1519 saw the invasion of the Spanish colonizers, and the War of Independence began with the uprising of Father Hidalgo on September 16, 1810, the proclamation of the independence of Mexico in 1821, and the establishment of the Federal Republic in October 1824, followed by the outbreak of the bourgeois-democratic revolution in 1910, and the promulgation of the bourgeois-democratic constitution in 1917, which declared the country an independent nation. In 1917, a bourgeois-democratic constitution was promulgated, proclaiming the name of the country as the United Mexican States. The Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) has been in power for 71 consecutive years since 1929, and the National Action Pa...

[Area] 109,884 square kilometers.

[Population] 11.083 million (2023). The urban population is 77%, and the rural population is 23%. Of the country's population, 15.73% are aged 0-14, 61.97% are aged 15-59, and 22.3% are aged 60 and over. Life expectancy is 77 years.

[Capital] city of Havana (La Habana), population 2.149 million (2023).

[Brief description] Located at the entrance to the Gulf of Mexico in the northwestern Caribbean. It has more than 1,600 islands, including Cuba Island and Youth Island, and is the largest island country in the West Indies. Most of the territory belongs to the tropical rainforest climate, only the southwestern coastal leeward slopes for the savanna climate, with an average annual temperature of 25 ℃. The annual precipitation is more than 1000 millimeters, except for a few areas.

The island of Cuba was discovered by Columbus in 1492, conquered and colonized by the Spanish expeditionary force in 1510, subjected to two wars of independence in 1868 and 1895, and occupied by the U.S. after its victory in the war against Spain in 1898, and was established as the "Republic of Cuba" by the U.S. in 1902, and leased two naval bases to the Cuban government in 1903. In 1903, the U.S. leased two naval bases in Cuba, and the U.S. still occupies the Guantanamo Naval Base. On January 1, 1959, Castro led the insurrectionary army to overthrow Batista's rule and set up a revolutionary government. 1961, Castro declared that he was starting a socialist revolution. 1962, the U.S. declared that it was imposing an economic, trade, and financial embargo on Cuba. 

(Source: Official website of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China:https://www.mfa.gov.cn/web/gjhdq_676201/gj_676203/bmz_679954/)

[Area] 108,900 square kilometers.

[Population] 18.6 million (2022). Indians comprise 41% of the population, while the rest are Indo-Europeans and descendants of European immigrants.

[Capital] Ciudad de Guatemala, 996 square kilometers, population 3.015 million (2022). It is at an altitude of 1,480 meters above sea level.

[Brief description] It is located in northwestern Central America. It borders Mexico in the west and north, Belize in the northeast, Honduras, and El Salvador in the southeast, the Gulf of Honduras in the Caribbean Sea in the east, and the Pacific Ocean in the south. The coastline is about 500 kilometers long. Mountains and volcanoes, fertile soil in the coastal plains, and high forest cover in the north characterize the territory. The climate is mainly subtropical, with an average annual temperature of 16-20 ℃, the rainy season from May to October, and the dry season from November to April.

Guatemala was once one of the centers of Mayan culture and was colonized by Spain in 1524, declared independence on September 15, 1821, joined the Central American Federation in 1823, and established a republic in 1839, which was under the dictatorial rule for a long time. After a long period of dictatorship, the country began a process of democratization in 1944, and 1954 it entered a period of alternating right-wing military and civilian governments, with the emergence of a left-wing military organization in 1960 and the merger of the leftist guerrilla groups throughout the country to form the “Unidad Revolucionaria Nacional Guatemalteca (National Revolutionary Union of Guatemala)” (URNG) in 1982, which led to a nationwide armed struggle. In December 1996, the Arzú Government (National Vanguard Party) and the Unidad Revolucionaria Nacional Guatemalteca (URNG) reached the Final Peace Accords, ending 36 years of civil strife. Since then, there has been a normal turnover of governments through democratic elections and a high degree of political fragmentation, but ...

[Area] 751 square kilometers.

[Population] 74,000 (2022) The population is mainly black and mulatto. The majority of residents are Catholic, with a few Protestant. The official language is English.

[Capital] Roseau, with a population of about 20,000 people.

[Brief description] The island is Located in the northeastern part of the Windward Islands in the eastern Caribbean Sea. The Atlantic Ocean borders it to the east and the Caribbean Sea to the west. The Strait of Dominica separates it from Martinique in the south and Guadeloupe in the north. The island is mountainous, with an average annual temperature of 25 to 32 degrees Celsius and a tropical marine climate.

Initially inhabited by Arawaks and Caribs from South American Indian tribes, Columbus arrived on the island in 1493. The Treaty of Paris in 1763 transferred the island to Britain, and it was later occupied by France twice; in 1805, the French occupiers set fire to Roseau, and the British formally took over the island after paying a ransom of 8,000 pounds sterling. The island joined the West Indian Federation in 1958, became internally self-governing in 1967, became independent on November 3, 1978, and is now a member of the Commonwealth. 

(Source: Official website of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China:https://www.mfa.gov.cn/web/gjhdq_676201/gj_676203/bmz_679954/)

[Area] 130,400 square kilometers.

[Population] 6.844 million (2023). Indo-European people make up 69%, whites 17%, blacks 9%, and Indians 5%.

[Capital] Managua has a population of 1,095,000. The maximum temperature is 32℃, and the minimum is 23℃.

[Brief description] It is located in the center of Central America. Honduras is in the north, Costa Rica is in the south, the Caribbean Sea is in the east, and the Pacific Ocean is in the west. The climate is tropical, with a dry season from January to May and a rainy season from June to December. The average annual temperature is 25.5℃.

Originally inhabited by Indians, the country was colonized by Spain in 1524, declared independence on September 15, 1821, joined the Central American Federation in 1823, and established a republic in 1839, with the support of the United States. With the support of the United States, the Somoza family ruled the country for more than 40 years from 1936, when the Sandinista National Liberation Front (SNLF) overthrew the Somoza regime and came to power in 1979, and then stepped down in 1990, when the Constitutional Liberal Party (PLP) came to power for two consecutive terms in 1996, and has been in power again since 2006. 

(Source: Official website of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China:https://www.mfa.gov.cn/web/gjhdq_676201/gj_676203/bmz_679954/)

[Area] 51,100 square kilometers.

[Population] 5,213,400 (2022). Whites and Indo-Europeans make up 95% of the population, blacks make up 3%, indigenous Indians make up about 0.5%, and other ethnic groups make up 1.5%.

[Capital] San José, with an area of 4,966 square kilometers and a population of 1.63 million, is the capital. The average temperature in the hottest month (July) is 21-27°C, and the average temperature in the coldest month (January) is 9-26°C. [General information] San José is located in the southern part of Central America.

[Brief description] It is located in the southern part of Central America. The Caribbean Sea borders it to the east, the Pacific Ocean to the west, Nicaragua to the north, and Panama to the southeast. The coastline is 1,200 kilometers long.

Originally inhabited by Indians, it was taken as a Spanish colony in 1564, declared independence on September 15, 1821, joined the Central American Federation in 1823, and withdrew in 1838; on August 30, 1848, it was established as a republic.

 (Source: Official website of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China:https://www.mfa.gov.cn/web/gjhdq_676201/gj_676203/bmz_679954/)

[Area] 916,400 square kilometers.

[Population] About 28.2 million (2021, World Bank data). Indo-Europeans account for 58% of the population, whites 29%, blacks 11%, Indians 2%. The official language is Spanish. The majority of the population is Catholic.

[Capital] Caracas, with a population of 3.22 million and an average annual temperature of 21℃.

[Brief description] It is located in the northern part of the South American continent. Guyana is a neighbor to the east, bordering Brazil to the south, west of the border with Colombia, and north of the Caribbean Sea. The coastline is 2,813 kilometers long. The whole territory has a tropical grassland climate except for the mountains. Temperatures vary according to altitude: mild in the mountains and hot in the plains. The rainy season is from June to November, and the dry season is from December to May.

Once inhabited by the Arawak and Carib Indians, the country was colonized by Spain in 1567, declared independence on July 5, 1811, and formed the “Republic of Gran Colombia” with present-day Colombia, Panama, and Ecuador in 1819-1829, and established the Federal Republic of Venezuela in 1830, which was renamed the Federal Republic of Venezuela in 1864, with the name of Venezuela being changed to the United States. In 1864, it was renamed the United States of Venezuela; in 1953, it became the Republic of Venezuela; in 1999, it was renamed the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela; and in 1958, constitutional rule was instituted, and a civilian regime was established. Since then, the Democratic Action Party (PAD) and the Christian Socialist Party (PSOE) have alternated in power, and in December 1998, Chávez, the presidential candidate of the Centro Patriótico (Patriotic Center), won the general election, thus breaking the long-standing political pattern of alternation between the two traditional parties.

 (Source: Official website of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China:https://www.mfa.gov.cn/web/gjhdq...

[Area] 215,000 square kilometers.

[Population] 776,000 (2022). Of these, 43.5% are of Indian origin, 30.2% are of African origin, 16.7% are of mixed race, and 9.1% are Indian. English is the official language, and lingua franca is spoken, while Creole, Urdu, Indian, and Hindi are also spoken. 34.8% of the residents are Protestant Christians, 24.8% are Hindus, 7.1% are Catholics and 6.8% are Muslims.

[Capital] Georgetown, with a population of about 250,000 people.

[Brief description] It is located in northern South America. It borders Venezuela in the northwest, Brazil in the south, Suriname in the east, and the Atlantic Ocean in the northeast. It has a tropical rainforest climate, with an annual rainfall of 1,500 to 2,000 millimeters and an average yearly temperature of 24-32 degrees Celsius. In the 9th century A.D., it was settled by the Indians, invaded by the Spaniards in the 15th century, occupied by the Dutch in the 17th and 18th centuries, transferred by the Dutch to the British in 1814, and formally became a British colony in 1831, and was named British Guiana; it declared its independence on May 26, 1966, and was established on February 23, 1970 as the Co-operative Republic of Guyana. 

(Source: Official website of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China:https://www.mfa.gov.cn/web/gjhdq_676201/gj_676203/bmz_679954/)

[Area] 1,141,700 square kilometers, the fifth largest in Latin America.

[Population] 52.16 million (2023), the third largest in Latin America. Among them, 60% are Indo-European, 20% are white, 18% are mulatto, and the rest are Indians and blacks. The official language is Spanish. The majority of the population is Catholic.

[Capital] Bogotá, population 7.9 million (2022). The average annual temperature is 14℃.

[Brief description] Situated in the northwest of South America, Bogotá is bordered by Venezuela and Brazil to the east, Ecuador, and Peru to the south, Panama to the northwest, the Caribbean Sea to the north, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. The coastline is 2,900 kilometers long. The territory is divided into the eastern plains and western mountains. The country is in the tropics, and the climate varies according to the terrain. The eastern plains of the south and the Pacific coast have a tropical rainforest climate, with an altitude of 1000-2000 meters. The mountains have a subtropical climate, and the northwestern part has a savannah climate.

Initially inhabited by the Chibcha and other Indians, the country became a Spanish colony in 1536 and declared independence on July 20, 1810, which was later suppressed. 1819 saw the liberation of the country following the defeat of the Spanish colonial army by a rebellious army led by the liberator of South America, Simón Bolívar, and the formation of the Republic of Gran Colombia with present-day Ecuador, Venezuela, and Panama in 1821, which was followed by the formation of the Republic of Colombia from 1829 to 1830. -In 1830, Venezuela and Ecuador withdrew successively, and the Republic of Gran Colombia was dissolved. It was renamed the Republic of Nueva Granada in 1831, called the United States of Colombia in 1861, and renamed its present name in 1886 (Panama became independent in 1903). Historically, the Liberal Party and the Conservative Party have alternated in power for an extended period; in May 2002, Uribe, an ...

[Area] 164,000 square kilometers.

[Population] 61.3 million (2021). About 33% of the population is of Indian origin, 31% Creole, 15% Indonesian, 10% black bush people, and the rest are Indians, Chinese, and whites. Dutch is the official language, and Surinamese is commonly spoken. 42% of the inhabitants are Christian, 20% Hindu, and 13% Islamic.

[Capital] Paramaribo, with a population of 259,000 people.

[Brief description] Brief description of the city] Paramaribo is located in northern South America. French Guiana to the east, Brazil to the south, Guyana to the west, and the Atlantic Ocean to the north. Tropical rainforest climate. The average annual temperature is 23-27℃. Initially inhabited by Amerindians, it was declared a dependency of the Spanish explorers in 1593 and was settled by the Dutch in 1602 and by British immigrants in 1630; it became a Dutch colony by a treaty signed by Britain and the Netherlands in 1667, and was formally established as a sovereign state of the Netherlands by the Treaty of Vienna in 1815, and was given internal self-government in 1954. Independence was proclaimed on November 25, 1975 and the Republic was established.

(Source: Official website of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China:https://www.mfa.gov.cn/web/gjhdq_676201/gj_676203/bmz_679954/)

[Area] 256,370 square kilometers, the tenth largest in Latin America.

[Population] 18 million (2022). Among them, 77.42% are Indo-European, 6.83% are Indians, 10.46% are Caucasians, 2.74% are mulattoes, and 2.55% are blacks and other races. The official language is Spanish, and the Indians speak Quechua. 87.5% of the inhabitants are Catholics.

[Capital] Quito, with a population of 2.7 million, is the capital. The altitude is 2,818 meters above sea level. The average annual temperature is 13.5℃.

[Brief description] Situated in the northwestern part of South America, Quito is bordered by Colombia in the northeast and Colombia in the southeast. Colombia borders it in the northeast, Peru in the southeast, and the Pacific Ocean in the west. The coastline is 930 kilometers long. The equator runs through the northern part of the country (the name of the country means “equator” in Spanish). The eastern and western parts of the country have a tropical rainforest climate. The climate in the mountain basins is savannah, and the climate in the mountains is subtropical.

Once inhabited by Indian tribes, the country was incorporated into the Inca Empire in the 15th century, became a Spanish colony in 1532, declared independence on August 10, 1809, and in 1822 joined the “Republic of Gran Colombia,” which consisted of Colombia, Venezuela, and Panama, and after its dissolution in 1830, proclaimed the Republic of Ecuador. After the dissolution of the Republic in 1830, the Republic of Ecuador was proclaimed. After the Second World War, Ecuador experienced a long period of political turmoil and frequent regime changes, with the military coming to power on several occasions; in 1979, the military government returned power to the people, and the political situation stabilized, but during the period 1996-2006, three democratically-elected presidents were dismissed or overthrown during their terms of office due to political corruption and slow economic development, etc. On November 26, 20...

[Area] 1,285,216 square kilometers, the fourth largest in Latin America.

[Population] 33,396,700 (2022). Indians account for 45%, Indo-Europeans 37%, whites 15%, and other races 3%. The official language is Spanish, while Quechua, Aymara, and more than 30 other Indian languages are spoken in some areas. 96% of the inhabitants are Catholic.

[Capital] Lima (capital), population 10 million (2022). The average annual temperature is 18.7℃.

[Brief description] Lima is located in the western part of South America. It is bordered by Ecuador and Colombia to the north, Brazil to the east, Chile to the south, Bolivia to the southeast, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. The coastline is 2,254 kilometers long. The territory is divided into tropical deserts, plateaus, and tropical rainforest climates from west to east. The average annual temperature ranges from 12℃ to 32℃ in the west, 1℃ to 14℃ in the center, and 24℃ to 35℃ in the east.

In the 11th century A.D., the Indians took the city of Cuzco as their capital. They established the Inca Empire in the plateau area. In the 15～16 centuries, one of the three major ancient civilizations of the Americas was formed - the Inca civilization. 1533 became a Spanish colony. 1544, the Viceroyalty of Peru was established, which became the center of Spain's colonial rule in South America. 1821 On July 28, 1821, Peru declared independence and established the Republic of Peru. 1835, Peru merged with Bolivia and established the Peru-Bolivia Confederation, which was disintegrated in 1839. From 1879 to 1883, Peru and Bolivia fought the "War of the Pacific" with Chile, in which Peru was defeated and ceded its territory. After a long period of internal and external strife, the military was in power for many years, and in May 1980, democratic elections were held, and a civilian government was restored. From 1990 to 2000, Fujimori, the leader of Reform 90 (of Japanese descent), served as president for two terms but resigned in November 2000 and w...

[Area] 8,510,300 square kilometers (Source: IBGE).

[Population] 203 million, ranking first in Latin America and seventh in the world. Caucasians account for 53.74%, mulattoes 38.45%, blacks 6.21%, and yellows and Indians 1.6% of the population. The official language is Portuguese. About 50% of the inhabitants are Catholics and 31% are Evangelical Christians.

[Capital] Brasília, with a population of 3.858 million (2022) and an average annual temperature of 21℃.

[Brief description] of the city] Brasília is located in eastern South America. It borders French Guiana, Suriname, Guyana, Venezuela, and Colombia to the north, Peru and Bolivia to the west, Paraguay, Argentina, and Uruguay to the south, and the Atlantic Ocean to the east. The coastline is about 7,400 kilometers long. Eighty percent of the country is in the tropics, and the southernmost part has a subtropical climate. The northern Amazonian plains have an equatorial (tropical) rainforest climate, with an average annual temperature of 27-29 degrees Celsius. The central plateau has a tropical grassland climate, with two seasons of drought and rain and an average annual temperature of 18-28℃. The southern part of the average annual temperature is 16-19 ℃.

On April 22, 1500, Portuguese navigator Pedro Cabral arrived in Brazil. 16th century 30, a Portuguese expedition was sent to establish a colony in Brazil, and the governor was appointed in 1549. In 1808, Napoleon invaded Portugal, and the royal family relocated to Brazil. 1821, the Portuguese royal family relocated back to Lisbon, and Prince Pedro stayed in Brazil as the regent. 1822, September 7, Prince Pedro proclaimed independence and established the Brazilian empire. 1889, the Portuguese royal family moved back to Lisbon, and Prince Pedro stayed in Brazil as the regent. On November 15, 1889, General Fonseca staged a coup d'état to overthrow the empire and establish the United States of Brazil.

On March 31, 1964, a military coup d'état brought the country to po...

[Area] 1,908,000 square kilometers.

[Population] 11.832 million. Indians account for 54%, Indo-Europeans 31% and whites 15%. The official languages are Spanish, Quechua, Aymara, and 36 other Indian languages. The majority of the population is Catholic.

[Capital] Seat of government and parliament: La Paz, population 940,000, altitude 3,627 meters, average annual temperature 14℃. Legal capital (seat of the Supreme Court): Sucre (Sucre), population of 360,000, the average yearly temperature of 21.8 ℃.

[Brief introduction] Located in the center of South America, landlocked country. It borders Brazil in the northeast, Paraguay in the southeast, Argentina in the south, Chile in the southwest, and Peru in the west. The climate is temperate.

It was part of the Inca Empire in the 13th century A.D. In 1538, it became a Spanish colony known as Upper Peru. On August 6, 1825, it declared independence. It was named the Bolivarian Republic in honor of Bolivar, the Liberator. It was later renamed the Bolivarian Republic of Bolivia. 1835 saw it merge with Peru to form the Peruvian-Bolivian Confederation, which was dissolved in 1839. 1879 saw the Pacific War with Chile, and it lost its independence. After the War of the Pacific with Chile in 1879, the country lost its coastal territories and became landlocked. It lost a large part of its territory in the Chaco War with Paraguay from 1932 to 1935, when an armed popular uprising broke out in April 1952. The leader of the Nationalist Revolutionary Movement (MRN), Páez Estenssoro, assumed the presidency. After frequent military coups and a long period of political turmoil, Bolivia returned to democracy in October 1983, and from 2001 to 2005, Bolivia experienced political turmoil with five successive presidents. In 2009, the name of the State was changed to “Plurinational State of Bolivia”.

(Source: Official website of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China:https://www.mfa.gov.cn/web/gjhdq_676201/gj_676203/bmz_67...

[Area] 406,800 square kilometers.

[Population] 7,454,000 (2022) 95% Indo-European, the rest Indian and Caucasian. The official languages are Spanish and Guarani. 89.6% of the inhabitants are Catholics and 1.8% are indigenous.

[Capital] Asunción, with a population of 522,000, has a summer temperature of 22-35℃ and a winter temperature of 12-22℃.

[Brief description] of the country: A landlocked country in South America, neighboring Argentina, Bolivia and Brazil. Located in the northern part of the La Plata Plain, the Paraguay River divides the country into two parts, east and west, from north to south. The eastern part is characterized by hills, swamps, and undulating plains, where more than 90% of the country's population is concentrated; virgin forests and grasslands characterize the western part. The climate is subtropical, with an average temperature of 27°C in summer and 17°C in winter. The average annual precipitation is 1,500 millimeters in the east and 500 millimeters in the west.

Initially inhabited by the Indian Guarani people, it became a Spanish colony in 1537 and declared independence on May 14, 1811. In 1865, the Lopez government attacked the southwestern part of the country to expand its territory, and a coalition of Brazilian, Argentinean, and Uruguayan armies declared war on the country. After five years of war, Paraguay lost the war, and the Lopez government ceded land and made reparations, reducing its territory by nearly half and losing its access to the sea, making it a landlocked country. After the 1870s, the Red Party and the Liberal Party alternated in power. Between 1932 and 1935, there was the Chaco War, a war between Paraguay and Bolivia over oil resources, which was followed by the signing of a peace agreement in which Paraguay was given three-quarters of the Chaco region. On May 4, 1954, a group of soldiers, Stroessner, and others, joined forces with the Bolivian government to fight for oil resources in Paraguay. On May 4, 1954, Stroessner, ...

[Area] 756,715 square kilometers.

[Population] 19.96 million, of which 86.9% are urbanized. About 89% of the population is white, and Indo-European and about 11% is Indian. The official language is Spanish. The Mapuche language is spoken in Indian communities, and 67% of the population over 15 is Catholic, and 15% is Evangelical.

[Capital] Santiago, population 6,683,600. January is the hottest month, with average temperatures ranging from 13-30°C. June is the coldest month, with average temperatures ranging from 4-15°C. The average maximum temperature is 22.4°C. The average maximum temperature is 22.4°C. The average maximum temperature is 22.5°C. The average maximum temperature is 22.4°C. The average maximum temperature is 22.4°C. The average annual maximum temperature is 22.4℃, and the minimum is 8.3℃.

[Brief description] It is located in southwestern South America, at the western foot of the Andes Mountains. Bolivia and Argentina border it to the east, Peru to the north, the Pacific Ocean to the west, and Antarctica to the south. The total length of the coastline is about 10,000 kilometers. It is the narrowest and longest country in the world, with a length of 4,352 kilometers from north to south and a width of 96.8-362.3 kilometers from east to west. The country is volcanic and has frequent earthquakes. The climate varies significantly from region to region:In the north, there is a tropical desert climate with no rain all year round.The center has a subtropical Mediterranean climate with rainy winters and dry summers.The south has a rainy, temperate, broad-leaved forest and frigid steppe climate.

Initially inhabited by the Araucanians, Mapuche, Tierra del Fuego, and other Indians, the country belonged to the Inca Empire before the beginning of the 16th century. In 1535, the Spanish colonizers invaded the northern part of Chile from Peru, and the city of Santiago was founded in 1541, making Chile a Spanish colony. The Ruling Council was set up on September 18, 1810,...

[Area] 176,200 square kilometers.

[Population] 3,531,000 (2020, INEI), of which 90.8% are white and 4.9% are Indian. The official language is Spanish. 66% of the population is Catholic.

[Capital] Montevideo, with an area of 530 square kilometers and a population of 1.383 million (2020, Uruguay's National Statistics Institute), has an average annual temperature of 16.5°C. The city is located in southeastern South America, with a population of 1.383 million (2020, Uruguay's National Statistics Institute).

[Brief introduction] It is located in southeastern South America, on the east bank of the Uruguay River and the Rio de la Plata. Brazil borders it to the north, Argentina to the west, and the Atlantic Ocean to the southeast. The coastline is 660 kilometers long. The terrain is flat, with hills and grasslands, with an average elevation of 116.7 meters. It has a temperate climate, with summer from January to March, with temperatures ranging from 17℃ to 28℃, and winter from July to September, with temperatures ranging from 6℃ to 14℃—the annual precipitation increases from 950 to 1250 millimeters from south to north.

In early times, the country was inhabited by the Chaluya Indians. 1516 saw the arrival of a Spanish expedition. 1726 saw the founding of the city of Montevideo and the beginning of colonial rule by the Spanish colonists. 1810 saw the launching of the Independence Movement by José Artigas. 1825 saw the recapture of the city of Montevideo and the proclamation of the independence of Uruguay by a group of patriots, including Juan Antonio Lavayeja, on August 25th, 1825. 1903 saw the Red Party'sParty's In 1903, José Batlle Ordóñez of the Red Party was elected President. He vigorously developed foreign trade and services based on animal husbandry, laying the foundation for developing the national economy. In the first half of the 20th century, Uruguay was known as the "Switzerland of South America" for its political stability, generous welfare benefits, and social...

[Area] 2,780,400 square kilometers (excluding the Malvinas Islands and the claimed Antarctic territory. (Excluding the Malvinas Islands and the Antarctic territories claimed by Argentina. Source: National Institute of Statistics and Censuses of Argentina).

[Population] 46.04 million (2022). Whites and Indo-Europeans make up 95% of the population, with whites mostly of Italian and Spanish descent. The Indian population is 955,000, and the most populous minority is the Mapuche. The official language is Spanish. 73.9% of the population is Catholic, and 6.6% is Protestant (2020).

[Capital] Buenos Aires, with a population of 3.08 million (2020), has a mild climate. The capital city has a mild climate with an average annual temperature of 17℃ and an annual rainfall of 1,313.1 millimeters.

[Brief introduction] Located in the southeastern part of South America, bordering the Atlantic Ocean in the east, Antarctica in the south, Chile in the west, Bolivia and Paraguay in the north, and Uruguay and Brazil in the northeast. It is 3,694 kilometers long from north to south and 1,423 kilometers wide from east to west. The land boundary is 25,728 kilometers long, and the coastline is 4,725 kilometers long. The climate is tropical in the north, subtropical in the center, and temperate in the south. The average annual temperature is 24°C in the north and 5.5°C in the south.

Before the 16th century, indigenous Indians lived in the area, and in the mid-16th century, the area was colonized by Spain. On May 25th, 1810, the May Revolution broke out against Spanish colonial rule, and the first governmental council was established. 1812, the national hero St. Martin led the people to fight against Spanish colonial forces and declared independence on July 9th, 1816. On July 9, 1816, independence was declared. After a long period of turmoil and division, General Urquiza wrote the first constitution in 1853, establishing a federal republic. Urquiza became the country's first president after the c...