[Area] 1,285,216 square kilometers, the fourth largest in Latin America.

[Population] 33,396,700 (2022). Indians account for 45%, Indo-Europeans 37%, whites 15%, and other races 3%. The official language is Spanish, while Quechua, Aymara, and more than 30 other Indian languages are spoken in some areas. 96% of the inhabitants are Catholic.

[Capital] Lima (capital), population 10 million (2022). The average annual temperature is 18.7℃.

[Brief description] Lima is located in the western part of South America. It is bordered by Ecuador and Colombia to the north, Brazil to the east, Chile to the south, Bolivia to the southeast, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. The coastline is 2,254 kilometers long. The territory is divided into tropical deserts, plateaus, and tropical rainforest climates from west to east. The average annual temperature ranges from 12℃ to 32℃ in the west, 1℃ to 14℃ in the center, and 24℃ to 35℃ in the east.

In the 11th century A.D., the Indians took the city of Cuzco as their capital. They established the Inca Empire in the plateau area. In the 15～16 centuries, one of the three major ancient civilizations of the Americas was formed - the Inca civilization. 1533 became a Spanish colony. 1544, the Viceroyalty of Peru was established, which became the center of Spain's colonial rule in South America. 1821 On July 28, 1821, Peru declared independence and established the Republic of Peru. 1835, Peru merged with Bolivia and established the Peru-Bolivia Confederation, which was disintegrated in 1839. From 1879 to 1883, Peru and Bolivia fought the "War of the Pacific" with Chile, in which Peru was defeated and ceded its territory. After a long period of internal and external strife, the military was in power for many years, and in May 1980, democratic elections were held, and a civilian government was restored. From 1990 to 2000, Fujimori, the leader of Reform 90 (of Japanese descent), served as president for two terms but resigned in November 2000 and was exiled to Japan. From 2001 to 2006, the "Peruvian Viable" (Peru Viable) leader was elected to the presidency. Toledo, leader of the "Peru Viable" party, served as president; García, leader of the Apra party, served from 2006 to 2011; Humala, president of the Nationalist Party, served from 2011 to 2016; in June 2016, Kuczynski, candidate of the "Peruvians for Change" party, served as president. Kuczynski, the candidate of the "Peruvians for Change" party, served as president. "party candidate Kuczynski was elected president. On March 21, 2018, Koo resigned. On March 23, First Vice President Biscala constitutionally took over the presidency. On November 9, 2020, Congress passed an impeachment motion against Biscala.On the 10th, Congressional President Merino constitutionally assumed the role of Acting President. On the 15th, Merino resigned. On the 17th, Congressional President Sagasti On July 20, 2021, Castillo, the candidate of the left-wing Liberal Peruvian Party, is elected president; on December 7, 2022, Congress passes a bill of impeachment against Castillo. On the same day, Vice-President Boruarte took over the presidency.

(Source: Official website of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China:https://www.mfa.gov.cn/web/gjhdq_676201/gj_676203/bmz_679954/)