[Area] 256,370 square kilometers, the tenth largest in Latin America.

[Population] 18 million (2022). Among them, 77.42% are Indo-European, 6.83% are Indians, 10.46% are Caucasians, 2.74% are mulattoes, and 2.55% are blacks and other races. The official language is Spanish, and the Indians speak Quechua. 87.5% of the inhabitants are Catholics.

[Capital] Quito, with a population of 2.7 million, is the capital. The altitude is 2,818 meters above sea level. The average annual temperature is 13.5℃.

[Brief description] Situated in the northwestern part of South America, Quito is bordered by Colombia in the northeast and Colombia in the southeast. Colombia borders it in the northeast, Peru in the southeast, and the Pacific Ocean in the west. The coastline is 930 kilometers long. The equator runs through the northern part of the country (the name of the country means “equator” in Spanish). The eastern and western parts of the country have a tropical rainforest climate. The climate in the mountain basins is savannah, and the climate in the mountains is subtropical.

Once inhabited by Indian tribes, the country was incorporated into the Inca Empire in the 15th century, became a Spanish colony in 1532, declared independence on August 10, 1809, and in 1822 joined the “Republic of Gran Colombia,” which consisted of Colombia, Venezuela, and Panama, and after its dissolution in 1830, proclaimed the Republic of Ecuador. After the dissolution of the Republic in 1830, the Republic of Ecuador was proclaimed. After the Second World War, Ecuador experienced a long period of political turmoil and frequent regime changes, with the military coming to power on several occasions; in 1979, the military government returned power to the people, and the political situation stabilized, but during the period 1996-2006, three democratically-elected presidents were dismissed or overthrown during their terms of office due to political corruption and slow economic development, etc. On November 26, 2006, Correa, a Union of Sovereign Nationalities (USS) movement candidate, was elected president. Movement candidate Correa was elected president. After coming to power, Correa successfully pushed for a constitutional amendment and was elected president twice, in 2009 and 2013, under the new constitution, serving until May 2017, when Moreno, the candidate of the Movimiento de Alianza Patria Soberana (MAPS), was elected to the presidency until May 2021.3 The presidential elections were held in the context of the National Assembly, the National Assembly, the National Assembly, the National Assembly and the National Assembly. 

(Source: Official website of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China:https://www.mfa.gov.cn/web/gjhdq_676201/gj_676203/bmz_679954/)